Effects of Powder Synthesis Method on the Sinterability of Hydroxyapatite

Abstract:

The sinterability of hydroxyapatite (HA) powder synthesized through a novel wet chemical method (HAp) and a wet mechanochemical method (HAwm) was investigated over a temperature range of 1000oC to 1400oC in terms of phase stability, bulk density, hardness and fracture toughness. The results indicated that the sinterability of HAp powder were significantly better than HAwm powder. Moreover, the XRD traces of HAwm sintered samples showed signs of decomposition into TTCP when sintered at 1300oC and above. Densification of ~98% of theoretical density was attained by HAp compacts at 1100oC while the HAwm compacts exhibited only ~96% of theoretical density even at 1350oC with no significant increase of density at 1400oC. The Vickers hardness of HAp showed increasing trend for temperature range of 1000oC to 1100oC with the compacts attaining HV of ~7 GPa at 1100oC. Subsequently, the hardness decreased with increasing sintering temperature though the value does not dropped below ~5 GPa. Similarly, HAwm compacts showed an increasing trend from 1000oC to 1300oC with the largest HV attained was ~4.57 GPa. Further increased in sintering temperature resulted in the decreased of Vicker’s hardness. Moreover, the HAp samples reached a maximum fracture toughness of ~0.9 MPam1/2 at 1050oC while the HAwm attained maximum KIc of only ~0.7 MPam1/2 at 1300oC.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 264-265)
• Pages: 1538-1544
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.264-265.1538
• Online since: June 2011
• Authors: K.L. Aw, R. Tolouei, Ramesh Singh, Chou Yong Tan, Wei Hong Yeo, H. Kelvin, Iis Sopyan, Wan Dung Teng
• Keywords: Fracture Toughness, Hydroxyapatite (HAP), Relative Density, Vickers Hardness

References

[1] Pramanik, S., Agarwal, A. K., Rai, K. N. & Garg, A. (2007). Development of high strength hydroxyapatite by solid-state sintering process. Ceram. Inter., Vol. 33, 419-426.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.10.025

[2] Best, S. M., Porter, A. E., Thian, E. S. & Huang, J. (2008). Bioceramics: Past, present and for the future. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 28, 1319-1327.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.12.001

[3] Calafiori, A. R., Di Marco, G., Martino, G. & Marotta, M. (2007). Preparation and characterization of calcium phospahte biomaterials. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., Vol. 18, 2331-2338.

DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3141-3

[4] Cengiz, B., Gokce, Y., Yildiz, N., Aktas, Z. & Calimli, A. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 322, 29-33.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.02.011

[5] El Briak-BenAbdeslam, H., Ginebra, M. P., Vert, M. & Boudeville, P. (2008). Wet or dry mechanichemical synthesis of calcium phosphates? Influence of the water content on DCPC-CaO reaction kinetics. Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 4, 378-386.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.07.003

[6] Mobasherpour, I., Heshajin, M. S., Kazemzadeh, A. & Zakeri, M. (2007). Synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyaptite by using precipitation method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 430, 330-333.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.05.018

[7] Ramesh, S., Tan, C. Y., Sopyan, I., Hamdi, M. & Teng, W. D. (2007). Consolidation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite powder. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol. 8, 124-130.

DOI: 10.1016/j.stam.2006.11.002

[8] Ramesh, S., Tan, C. Y., Bhaduri, S. B., Teng, W. D. & Sopyan, I. (2008). Densification behaviour of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bioceramics. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 206, 221-230.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.12.027

[9] Bogdanoviciene, I., Beganskiene, A., Tonsuaadu, K., Glaser, J., Meyer, H. J. & Kareiva, A. (2006) Calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 ceramics prepared by aqueous sol-gel processing. Mater. Res. Bull., Vol. 41, 1754-1762.

DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2006.02.016

[10] Ramesh, S. (2004). A method for manufacturing hydroxyapatite bioceramic, Malaysia Patent, No. PI. 20043325.

[11] Rhee, S. H. (2002). Synthesis of hydroxyapatite via mechanochemical treatment. Biomaterials., Vol. 23, 1147-1152.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00229-0

[12] ASTM E384-99. (1999). Standard test method for micro-indentation hardness of materials. ASTM International.

[13] ISO 14705. (2000). Fine ceramics (Advanced Ceramics, Advanced Technical Ceramics) – Test method for hardness of monolithic ceramics at room temperature.

DOI: 10.3403/30422952

[14] Kong, L. B., Ma, J. & Boey, F. (2002). Nanosized hydroxyapatite powders derived from coprecipitation process. J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 37, 1131-1134.

[15] Kothapalli, C., Wei, M., Vasiliev, A. & Shaw, M. T. (2004). Influence of temperature and concentration on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite. Acta Materialia, Vol. 52, 5655-5663.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.08.027

[16] Rodriguez-Lorenzo, L. M., Vallet-Regi, M. & Ferreira, J. M. F. (2001). Fabrication of hydroxyapatite bodies by uniaxial pressing from a precipitated powder. Biomaterials, Vol. 22, 583-588.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00218-0

[17] Yeong, K. C. B., Wang, J. & Ng, S. C. (2001). Mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite from CaO and CaHPO4. Biomaterials, Vol. 22, 2705-2712.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00257-x

[18] Gibson, I. R., Ke, S., Best, S. M. & Bonfield, W. (2001). Effect of powder characteristics on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite powders. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., Vol. 12, 163-171.

[19] Mostafa, N. Y. (2005). Characterization, thermal stability and sintering of hydroxyapatite powders prepared by different routes. Mater. Chem. Phy., Vol. 94, 333-341.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.05.011

[20] Prokopiev, O. & Sevostianov, I. (2006). Dependence of the mechanical properties of sintered hydroxyapatite on the sintering temperature. Mater. Sci. Eng.: A, Vol. 431, 218-227.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.158

[21] Georgiou, G., Knowles, J. C. & Barralet, J. E. (2004). Dynamic shrinkage behaviour of hydroxyapatite and glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite. J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 39, 2205-2208.

DOI: 10.1023/b:jmsc.0000017788.20785.ff

[22] He, L. H., Standard, O. C., Huang, T. T. Y., Latella, B. A. & Swain, M. V. (2008). Mechanical behaviour of porous hydroxyapatite. Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 4, 577-586.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.11.002

[23] Hoepfner, T. P. & Case, E. D. (2003). The influence of the microstructure on the hardness of sintered hydroxyapatite. Ceram. Int., Vol. 29, 699-706.

DOI: 10.1016/s0272-8842(02)00220-1

[24] Li, S., Izui, H., Okano, M. & Watanabe, T. (2008). The effects of sintering temperature and pressure on the sintering behaviour of hydroxyapatite powder prepared by spark plasma sintering. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, Vol. 3.

DOI: 10.1299/jbse.3.1

[1] 1-12.

[25] Veljovic, Dj., Jokic, B., Petrovic, R., Palcevskis, E., Dindune, A., Mihailescu, I. N. & Janackovic, Dj. (2008). Processing of dense nanostructured HAP ceramics by sintering and hot pressing. Ceram. Int., Vol. 35.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2008.07.007

[4] 1345-1351.